Galactolipids from Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy with In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Activities

Plant secondary metabolites have a long history of potential use in managing human diseases by inhibiting enzymes that are highly expressed due to various pathogenic conditions. Prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) proinflammatory mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid (AA) the action cyclooxygenases (COXs) lipoxygenases (LOXs), respectively. Particularly, COX-2/5-LOX play significant role inflammatory processes pain associated with them. Butyrylcholinesterase (BchE) was recently suggested as more reliable target for sustaining normal cholinergic function. In an attempt identify new BchE inhibitors, phytochemical investigation Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy (Asteraceae) executed. This led isolation digalactosyldiacylglycerol isomer, namely 1,2-dilinolenoyl-3-O-(?-galactopyranosyl-(1,6)-O-?-D-galactopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (1) addition 1-myristoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-O-(?-galactopyranosyl-(1,6)-O-?-D-galactopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (2), which isolated herein first time nature. The structures two isolates were elucidated using 1D-, 2D-NMR, ESI-MS spectroscopy. Compounds 1 2 exhibited good vitro inhibitory activities against 5-LOX (59.01 21.67 ?g/mL) (13.37 24.32 ?g/mL), However, they weak inhibition COX-2 (110.44 179.63 ?g/mL, respectively). These explained silico computational docking study. results consistent enzyme activity. lowest binding affinity observed (?7.360 ?5.723 kcal/mol), whereas greater (?8.124 ?8.634 respectively, compared its natural substrate, AA (?5.830 kcal/mol). Additionally, remarkable (?8.313 kcal/mol ?7.502 kcal/mol, respectively), comparable co-crystallized ligand, thioflavin T (?8.107 related multiple crucial hydrogen bonding interactions these compounds amino residues active sites investigated enzymes. study demonstrated plant galactolipids leads development drugs alleviate neuroinflammatory conditions diseases, such Alzheimer’s disease Type diabetes mellitus.